GSH Sigma refers to glutathione sold by Sigma-Aldrich (MilliporeSigma). Compare grades, forms, and storage for research-grade GSH versus consumer supplements.
GSH Sigma refers to glutathione sold under the Sigma-Aldrich brand, now part of MilliporeSigma. It is a research-grade biochemical reagent used in laboratories, not a consumer dietary supplement. Typical listings include reduced L-glutathione (CAS 70-18-8) in powder or solution form with lot-specific purity documentation.
What "GSH Sigma" Means in a Laboratory Catalog
In a scientific supply catalog, "GSH" is the standard abbreviation for glutathione, and "Sigma" identifies the vendor. Sigma-Aldrich, now MilliporeSigma, has supplied glutathione to research laboratories for decades. If you have ever typed what does gsh stand for into a search bar, the short answer is glutathione—a tripeptide antioxidant found in nearly every living cell.
The Sigma listing signals a specific product tier: research-grade material with a certificate of analysis, not an over-the-counter nutraceutical. Catalog entries usually specify purity, form, and storage conditions so that labs can match the reagent to the assay.
GSH Structure and Why It Matters for Buyers
The gsh structure is chemically simple but functionally important: glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine linked in that order. The cysteine residue carries a thiol (–SH) group, which is the reactive site responsible for most of glutathione's antioxidant behavior.
Although glutathione is sometimes casually described as a protein, it is a tripeptide rather than a full protein. That distinction matters when choosing a reagent, because small peptides behave differently from proteins in assays, filtration steps, and storage.
- Reduced GSH carries a free thiol and is the biologically active form.
- Oxidized GSSG is the disulfide-linked dimer formed when two GSH molecules react.
- Derivatives such as glutathione ethyl ester are also sold by Sigma for specialized experiments.
Forms and Grades Available Through Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich offers glutathione in several grades. The right choice depends on whether you need maximum purity for analytical work, cell-culture compatibility, or bulk quantities for screening.
| Form | Typical Grade | Common Lab Use |
|---|---|---|
| Reduced L-glutathione, powder | ≥98% (HPLC), cell-culture tested | Media antioxidant, enzyme assays |
| Oxidized glutathione (GSSG), powder | ≥98% | Redox pair experiments, standards |
| Glutathione solution | Concentration-stated, ready to use | Plate-based assays |
| Glutathione ethyl ester | ≥97% | Cell-permeable research |
Each lot ships with a certificate of analysis (CoA) documenting identity, purity, and sometimes residual solvents. For regulated workflows, the CoA is often as important as the reagent itself.
How Researchers Use Sigma-Aldrich GSH
Glutathione is one of the most versatile reagents in a life-science lab. Common applications include:
- Protecting cells in culture from oxidative stress.
- Running glutathione peroxidase, reductase, or S-transferase assays.
- Refolding recombinant proteins by maintaining a reduced environment.
- Studying redox signaling and drug metabolism.
Researchers often measure the gsh gssg ratio to estimate oxidative stress. A falling ratio—more oxidized GSSG relative to reduced GSH—is a common readout in toxicology and cell-stress studies.
Some laboratories also investigate the gsh gene family, since genes such as GCLC, GCLM, and GSS encode the enzymes that assemble the tripeptide inside cells. Variation in those genes can influence baseline glutathione levels.
Storage, Handling, and Laboratory Safety
Sigma-Aldrich glutathione is labeled for research use only. It is not intended for human or veterinary use, and it is not a finished drug or supplement.
- Store powder sealed at 2–8 °C; use −20 °C for long-term storage.
- Protect from light and moisture, and keep desiccant in the container.
- Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles for prepared solutions.
- Wear gloves and eye protection, and review the SDS before handling.
Because the material is a fine powder, weigh it in a ventilated area and avoid generating dust. Dispose of waste according to your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
GSH Sigma vs. Consumer Glutathione Supplements
A gsh supplement sold for oral use is regulated as a dietary supplement, not as a laboratory reagent. The two categories share a chemical name but differ in documentation, intended use, and legal status.
| Factor | Sigma-Aldrich Research GSH | Consumer GSH Supplement |
|---|---|---|
| Intended use | Laboratory research | Oral dietary intake |
| Purity documentation | Lot-specific CoA with HPLC data | Label claim, limited testing |
| Regulatory status | Research-use-only chemical | Dietary supplement under DSHEA |
| Typical form | Bulk powder or solution | Capsule, tablet, or liposomal liquid |
Side effects of oral glutathione are usually mild, but gastrointestinal discomfort and possible interactions with some medications have been reported. Anyone considering a glutathione supplement should speak with a healthcare professional first.
Key Takeaways
- GSH Sigma is shorthand for glutathione purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (MilliporeSigma).
- Sigma-Aldrich glutathione is a research-use-only reagent, not a dietary supplement.
- Reduced L-glutathione carries CAS number 70-18-8; oxidized GSSG carries CAS 27025-41-8.
- Always review the certificate of analysis and safety data sheet before using any lot.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GSH Sigma the same as a glutathione supplement?
No. Sigma-Aldrich glutathione is a research-grade reagent labeled for laboratory use only, while a dietary supplement is manufactured for oral consumption under different regulations. The two share the same chemical name but are not interchangeable in intended use or documentation.
What is the CAS number for Sigma-Aldrich glutathione?
Reduced L-glutathione is CAS 70-18-8, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is CAS 27025-41-8. These numbers help confirm identity when ordering from Sigma or comparing suppliers. Always match the CAS number to the certificate of analysis.
How should I store GSH powder from Sigma?
Store sealed powder at 2–8 °C, or at −20 °C for long-term storage, and protect it from light and moisture. Prepared solutions should avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Follow the lot-specific certificate of analysis and safety data sheet for exact conditions.
This page provides educational research information and does not replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.